Abstract
Increased penetration of renewable generation units may lead to the displacement of conventional synchronous generators, and consequently, reduce the system inertia. The decline in the system inertia increases the demand for primary frequency response (PFR) needed to system stability, with the expected surge in PFR demand; this research discusses a new approach for PFR electricity market ancillary service design. The design proposed in this study co-optimises energy, inertia and PFR while considering uncertainties in renewable energy production. The approach proposed caters to the temporal and heterogeneous nature of system inertia expected in low-inertia power systems and presents a new market design that allows synchronous and non-synchronous inertia sources to participate in the frequency response market. The outcome of this research will contribute to medium to long term reliable operation of power systems with prevalent non-synchronous generation.
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