Frailty Worsens Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes in Late Life Depression

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between frailty and treatment response to antidepressant medications in adults with late life depression (LLD). MethodsData were evaluated from 100 individuals over age 60 years (34 men, 66 women) with a depressive diagnosis, who were assessed for frailty at baseline (characteristics include gait speed, grip strength, activity levels, fatigue, and weight loss) and enrolled in an 8-week trial of antidepressant medication followed by 10 months of open-treatment. ResultsFrail individuals (n = 49 with ≥3 deficits in frailty characteristics) did not differ at baseline from the non/intermediate frail (n = 51 with 0–2 deficits) on demographic, medical comorbidity, cognitive, or depression variables. On average, frail individuals experienced 2.82 fewer Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) points of improvement (t = 2.12, df 89, p = 0.037) than the non/intermediate frail over acute treatment, with this difference persisting over 10 months of open-treatment. Weak grip strength and low physical activity levels were each associated with decreased HRSD improvement, and lower response and remission rates over the course of the study. Despite their poorer outcomes, frail individuals received more antidepressant medication trials than the non/intermediate frail. ConclusionAdults with LLD and frailty have an attenuated response to antidepressant medication and a greater degree of disability compared to non/intermediate frail individuals. This disability and attenuated response remain even after receiving a greater number of antidepressant medication trials. Future research must focus on understanding the specific pathophysiology associated with the frail-depressed phenotype to permit the design and implementation of precision medicine interventions for this high-risk population.