Abstract
Background: National long-term care development requires updated epidemiological data related to frailty. We aimed to find the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among Indonesian elderly.Methods: We conducted first-phase cross-sectional analysis of Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study (INALAS) data collected from community-dwelling outpatients aged 60 years and older without acute illness in nine geriatric service care centres. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.Results: Among 908 elderly in this study, 15.10% were robust, 66.20% were pre-frail, and 18.70% were frail. Functional dependence was associated with frailty among Indonesian elderly (OR 5.97, 95% CI 4.04–8.80). Being depressed and at risk for malnutrition were also associated with frailty with OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.56–4.12, and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.68–3.90, respectively. Prior history of fall (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.16–2.72) and hospitalization (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.97–2.20) in the previous 12 months were associated with frailty. There is also significant association between poly pharmacy and frailty (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.50–3.91).Conclusion: Approximately one in five Indonesian community-dwelling elderly was frail. Frailty is associated with functional dependence, being at risk for malnutrition or being malnourished, depression, history of fall, history of hospitalization, and poly pharmacy. There may be bidirectional relationships between the risk factors and frailty. The development of long-term care in Indonesia should be considered, without forcing the elderly who need it.
Highlights
Indonesia is facing an increase in elderly population
We aimed to find the current prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among Indonesian community-dwelling elderly in this cross-sectional study
Frailty is significantly associated with functional dependence, being at risk for malnutrition or being malnourished, depression, history of falls, history of hospitalization, and poly pharmacy
Summary
Indonesia is facing an increase in elderly population. There are more than 26 million people aged 60 years and older nationwide. This group of people contribute to 9.92% of total Indonesian population in 2020 (1). It is expected that elderly will make up 12.9% of total Indonesian population in 2030 (2). Frailty is a major problem among Indonesian elderly. This modern geriatric syndrome is closely related to high risk for devastating conditions, such as falls, hospitalization, disability, and death (3, 4). National long-term care development requires updated epidemiological data related to frailty. We aimed to find the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among Indonesian elderly
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