Abstract
The concept of phonons is a keystone for the description of collective excitations in many-body systems. The best way to examine its validity in real physical systems is to study deviations from the harmonic picture for multiphonon excitations. In nuclear physics the most collective modes are surface vibrations with spin and parity, 2 1 and 3 2 , and giant resonances. Studies of the properties of the low-lying two-phonon multiplet f2 1 3 2 1 g01,21,41 in many spherical nuclei as well as the first results on double giant resonances prove that anharmonicity effects are typically small in nuclei.
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