Fragmentación mecánica y fibrinólisis intrapulmonar en el tratamiento del tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo con repercusión hemodinámica

Abstract

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mechanical fragmentation associated with intrapulmonary thrombolysis to treat massive pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with altered hemodynamics. Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of acute PTE were enrolled, the criteria being a Miller index over 0.50 and mean pressure of 30 mmHg in the principal superior pulmonary artery. The initial clinical pictures included shock (19 patients), syncope (6) and severe dyspnea at rest (26). Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oxymetry was 71.4%. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was 46.1 mmHg. The main thromboembolisms were fragmented, with one bolus of a fibrinolytic agent administered during the fragmentation procedure. An infusion of the fibrinolytic agent was administered through a catheter. Monitoring included clinical assessment, pulmonary scintigraphy and echocardiography. After fragmentation and administration of the bolus dose of the fibrinolytic agent, improvement was observed in 49 patients (97.2%). Mean pressure after mechanical and pharmacological treatment was 24.1 mmHg. Technical success was achieved in 100% of the patients. The results attest to the efficacy and safety of mechanical fragmentation and medical thrombolysis in treating massive PTE affecting hemodynamics, leading to clinical improvement and lowered pulmonary artery pressure.