Abstract
The words denoting lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the modern Indo-European languages show a high level of uniformity in morphology and semantics and reveal the traces of mutual borrowings among the languages of different Indo-European branches and the exchanges with the neighbouring non-Indo-European languages. Nearly all modern Indo-European languages derived their words denoting lentil and faba bean from the Proto-Indo-European roots *lent- and *bhabh-, with the same primeval meaning. Among the Proto-Indo-European roots related to pea are *erəgw[h]-, *g'er[a]n-, *ghArs-, *kek- and *pis-. The collected results offer another testimony how important grain legumes such as lentil, pea or faba bean were in the everyday life of the forefathers of the modern Indo-European nations of Europe and their non-Indo-European neighbours.
Highlights
IntroductionPapilionaceae Giseke) are one the richest plant families in the world
- In the second stage, the existing etymological dictionaries and other relevant linguistic history resources regarding to Indo-European languages of Europe and its descendants were searched for all the root words related to these three grain legume crops
Slavic languages seem to have two distinct forms related to lentil; one present in the Bulgarian leshta, Croatian and Serbian leća and the Rusyn lenča, and another one in the form of the Russian chechevitsa, the Slovak šošovica and the Upper Sorbian sok
Summary
Papilionaceae Giseke) are one the richest plant families in the world. They are generally responsible for the regular renewal of soil fertility elsewhere and comprise many economically significant species. Among the traditional cultivated annual legumes of the Old World, becoming later extensively grown in the New World as well, are lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Lentil, pea and faba bean are usually and primarily considered as grain legume crops important in human diets and are often designed most precisely as pulses, representing today one of the most valuable sources of plant protein
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