Abstract
Digital image authentication has become a hot topic in the last few years. In this paper, a pixel-based fragile watermarking method is presented for image tamper identification and localization. By analyzing the left and right singular matrices of SVD, it is found that the matrix product between the first column of the left singular matrix and the transposition of the first column in the right singular matrix is closely related to the image texture features. Based on this characteristic, a binary watermark consisting of image texture information is generated and inserted into the least significant bit (LSB) of the original host image. To improve the security of the presented algorithm, the Arnold transform is applied twice in the watermark embedding process. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking algorithm has high security and perceptual invisibility. Moreover, it can detect and locate the tampered region effectively for various malicious attacks.
Highlights
Nowadays, digital multimedia like digital images plays an indispensable role in our daily lives.with the development of image processing techniques, it has become easier to refine and edit the images
The least significant bit (LSB) of image sub-block is inserted by the check-sum of the most significant bits (MSBs)
By analyzing singular value decomposition (SVD), it is found that the matrix product between the first column of the left singular matrix and the transposition of the first column in the right singular matrix has a strong relationship with the image texture information
Summary
Digital multimedia like digital images plays an indispensable role in our daily lives. We propose a pixel-based fragile watermarking algorithm for image tamper identification and localization. The fluctuation of pixel values in texture blocks is much more serious than the smooth blocks Based on this characteristic and the above analysis, we can draw the conclusion that. In other the fluctuation of pixel values in texture blocks is much more serious than the the matrixwords, product in the smooth block should be closely associated with its block size, while u v. T in the smooth product u v block should be closely associated with its block size, while in the texture in the texture block like edge region, this characteristic is severely weakened Basedlike on this the above is analysis, weweakened. 1 1 can segment threshold an image into the texture andillustrated smooth region by setting an appropriate threshold appropriate
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