Fracturing technologies of deep shale gas horizontal wells in the Weirong Block, southern Sichuan Basin

Abstract

Stimulation of hydraulic fracturing of horizontal shale gas wells in Weirong Block has always been facing many difficulties due to many factors such as complicated geological conditions, small differences between the horizontal principal stress and the vertical principal stress, high working pump pressures, and low sensitive sand ratios. In view of this, by combing the geological structure, engineering geological characteristics and the difficulties of fracturing of deep shale gas wells in Weirong Block, learning from the general idea of volumetric fracturing for shale gas reservoirs at home and abroad, we determined the main ideas and technical countermeasures for fracturing in the area and applied them to the subsequent fracturing practices of shale gas wells. And the following achievements were obtained. First, the conventional fracturing technology applied to the shale gas wells in Weirong Block resulted in low fracture complexity, small stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), difficulties in guaranteeing the effectiveness of perforation clusters, low strength of proppant adding, difficulties in obtaining higher conductivity, poor stable production capacity after stimulation, and difficulties in meeting the need of well fracturing with casing deformation. Second, in view of the difficulties of fracturing stimulation in deep shale gas wells of Weirong Block, super high pressure, huge displacement, large fluid volume, temporary plugging and diverting in fracturing, and variable displacement technology can effectively increase SRV and the complexity of fractures in distant wells. The effectiveness of multi-cluster perforation can be guaranteed by comprehensive utilization of multi-cluster perforation optimization technology, big displacement technology and temporary plugging and diverting & fracturing technology at slots. The continuous proppant-adding technology with huge displacement, high viscosity, low sand ratio, low density and small particle size can improve sand adding strength and fracture conductivity. Besides, the stimulation technology for casing deformed wells using coiled tubing fast processing + small diameter bridge plug and separate pumping technology of perforating gun have been formed. Third, after the above fracturing technologies have been applied in five shale gas horizontal wells in Weirong Block, the average absolute open flow (QAOF) reached 26.11 × 104 m3/d, indicating a good stimulation effect. In conclusion, this paper can provide meaningful reference for the development of deep shale gas wells of the similar type.