Abstract
TREATMENT of schizophrenia by production of convulsions was introduced by Meduna (13) in 1935, but since that time its use has been extended to a number of other mental disorders, including the manic-depressive psychoses (25), involutional melancholia, and some of the psychoneuroses (12). At the present time thousands of patients have been treated with the various convulsion-producing drugs, but metrazol (cardiozol) has been by far the most widely used. Except for an occasional death (9, 22, 3), there were no deleterious effects reported for some time, and in these instances postmortem examination revealed the presence of a complicating serious organic disease. The first reports to mention fractures as a complication of convulsive therapy were those of Stalker (21) in England and Wespi (24) in Switzerland, who reported single instances of vertebral fracture, and of Satta (19) in Italy, who reported two cases of fracture of a femur. One of Satta's patients also sustained a fracture of a humerus. Since then...
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