Abstract
Fractures of the tibial and fibular malleoli are relatively common injuries in a general orthopaedic practice. Open reduction and internal fixation has become the preferred treatment of displaced and unstable injuries because of greater reliability and earlier rehabilitation compared with closed methods. This article is intended as a guide in the operative management of ankle fractures. Pertinent ankle fracture anatomy, biomechanics, and classifications are briefly reviewed prior to a discussion of reduction criteria, operative approaches, internal-fixation strategies, and after care.
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