Abstract
In recent years, the essential work of fracture (EWF) method has been extensively employed for assessing a material's toughness by specific essential fracture work, especially for polymers showing ductile failure. However, most research has studied either the in-plane stress mode or the out-of-plane stress mode. To obtain a more in-depth understanding of the EWF theory, the specific essential and non-essential fracture work of polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R) was investigated in both in-plane stress mode and out-of-plane stress mode. The effects of ligament length, amount of pre-cracking and pre-cracking method on the specific essential and non-essential fracture work were explored. The specific essential fracture work obtained in both stress modes is compared and discussed.
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