Abstract
A model is suggested for forming ceramic fracture geometry based on ideas about the failure process as a number mutally independent events of intra- and intergranular tensile failure, and the fraction of areas of intergranular cleavage inclined at an angle of less than α to the average plane of a macrocrack is determined as the probability of a random plane intersecting an elementary cell of the material at an less than α to one of the crystallographic planes along which cleavage is possible at a given load. It is established that fracture surface geometry changes with an increase in stress intensity factor from a maximum developed with an SIF less than KIc for the plane of simplest cleavage for a single crystal of a given material to an almost plane geometry with KIc for polycrystalline material. The fracture toughness for A12O3 ceramics is estimated by calculation from values of KIc for crystallographic planes of simplest cleavage for sapphire.
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