Abstract
This study aimed to analyze fracture strength in vitro by varying the axial height of the titanium insert and the labial height of the zirconia abutment in an internal connection implant to identify the titanium insert axial height with optimal mechanical stability. Sixty implants with an internal connection system were used. Two-piece zirconia abutments were used with the titanium inserts. Combinations of different titanium insert axial heights (mm) and zirconia abutment labial heights (mm) constituted five groups: Gr1 (1-3), Gr2 (3-3), Gr3 (3-5), Gr4 (5-3), and Gr5 (5-5). After thermocycling, a fracture load test was performed with a universal testing machine. The initial deformation load and the fracture load were measured and analyzed. The fractured surface and cross-section of the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The groups of titanium inserts with axial heights of 3 mm and 5 mm showed significantly greater initial deformation load and fracture load than the group with an axial height of 1 mm (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups with axial heights of 3 mm and 5 mm. The labial height of the zirconia abutment had no significant influence on the initial deformation load and fracture load. In some specimens in Gr4 and Gr5, cracking or bending of the titanium insert and abutment screw was observed on SEM. The axial height of the titanium insert should be designed to not be less than 3 mm to increase the fracture strength and promote the long-term stability of implants.
Highlights
Titanium insert-reinforced two-piece zirconia abutments have been developed and used to complement the mechanical stability of one-piece zirconia abutments [1].A zirconia abutment with a tooth-like color represents aesthetic advantages in preventing unnatural metal shadows appearing through thin gingival tissue and the exposure of titanium abutments after gingival recession [2, 3]
A total of nine zirconia abutment–titanium insert specimens were excluded from the analysis due to abutment dislodgement from the titanium insert and zirconia fracture at an early stage of the load test
There was no significant difference in the initial deformation load according to the labial height of the zirconia abutment (Fig 5)
Summary
Titanium insert-reinforced two-piece zirconia abutments have been developed and used to complement the mechanical stability of one-piece zirconia abutments [1]. A zirconia abutment with a tooth-like color represents aesthetic advantages in preventing unnatural metal shadows appearing through thin gingival tissue and the exposure of titanium abutments after gingival recession [2, 3]. In addition to the aesthetic advantages, zirconia. Fracture strength of a titanium insert reinforced zirconia abutment
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