Abstract
We used the key stratum theory to establish a more realistic thin‐plate mechanical model of elastic foundation clamped boundary and study the fracture mechanism of overlying strata during longwall mining. We analyzed the fracture characteristics and factors affecting fracture of the key stratum combined with the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. Besides, we used numerical simulation methods to verify the evolution pattern of the overlying strata fracture. The results show that the fracture mechanisms of the elastic foundation clamped structure’s key stratum varied depending on the position under longwall mining. The advanced coal wall area of the upper surface is a compressive‐shear fracture. The center area of the lower surface is a tensile fracture. With the increase of the excavation length and the load of the key stratum, the central area and the advanced coal wall area of the long side are fractured before the advanced coal wall area of the short side. With the increase of flexural rigidity of the key stratum, the advanced coal wall area of the long side fractures before the central area and the advanced coal wall area of the short side. With the increase of the foundation modulus and the advanced load of the key stratum, the central area fractures before the surrounding advanced coal wall area. The advanced influence distance was positively correlated with the key stratum’s flexural rigidity and advanced load and negatively correlated with the foundation modulus and excavation length. The advanced influence distance was not affected by the load of the key stratum. The numerical simulation results show that, with the increase of the mining area, the fracture trace of overlying strata in goaf extended to the coal wall’s interior. The fracture range of overlying strata is larger than that of the miningd: area. This study has a practical value for water disasters, gas outbursts, and rock strata control.
Highlights
Longwall mining is easy to form large-scale goaf
Shi et al confirmed that the movement range of overlying strata and the influence distance on the front of the working face expanded based on the microseismic monitoring results [17]
We used the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) to simulate the evolution pattern of the overlying strata fracture caused by mining. ese results provide a complete understanding of the rock strata movement induced by mining
Summary
Longwall mining is easy to form large-scale goaf. It results in a stress state and spatial structure redistribution of overlying strata, bringing many security issues, including rockburst and water disasters [1]. erefore, it is necessary to thoroughly study the fracture mechanism of overlying strata by longwall mining. Longwall mining is easy to form large-scale goaf It results in a stress state and spatial structure redistribution of overlying strata, bringing many security issues, including rockburst and water disasters [1]. Erefore, it is necessary to thoroughly study the fracture mechanism of overlying strata by longwall mining. The mechanical model of overlying strata after longwall mining has been simplified as fixed or supported structures. Previous studies have ignored the influence of elastic deformation of the supporting coal-rock mass on overlying strata fracture [6,7,8]. Ey considered that the fracture morphology of the overlying strata above the goaf was trapezoidal [10, 11]. Cheng et al established the zoning model of the roof strata movement based on microseismic monitoring. We used the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) to simulate the evolution pattern of the overlying strata fracture caused by mining. ese results provide a complete understanding of the rock strata movement induced by mining
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