Abstract
The presence of phosphorous as a residual element has been correlated with moderate to severe irradiation embrittlement of nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels (RPV's). The degree of radiation embrittlement is usually characterized by a shift in ductile-to-brittle transition temperature and a decrease in upper shelf energy, as obtained by Charpy V-notch impact testing. The mechanism by which phosphorous enhances the radiation sensitivity is unclear, however several possible mechanisms can be proposed. These include 1) radiation induced segregation to interfaces such as grain boundaries and particle/matrix interfaces 2) modification of possible radiation induced changes in the carbide microstructure; 3) radiation induced precipitation of phosphorous and 4) stabilization of defects produced by irradiation.
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