Abstract
Lignin was produced from wheat straw via a fractionation process based on a steam explosion pretreatment followed by an alkali delignification stage. The yield and chemical composition of the resulting lignin samples were related to the conditions of the pretreatment stage. Temperature and time were grouped into a single reaction ordinate, R 0 , by using the reaction severity concept. Increasing the severity of the pretreatment causes the lignin yield to increase in the severity range studied, from log 10 R 0 = 3.39 to 4.13. The methoxyl and aliphatic alcohol contents decreased as the pretreatment because more severe. The apparent molecular weight distribution (polystyrene-equivalent) was bimodal for all the samples. The yield of the alkali-extracted lignin obtained at the optimum severity for hemicellulose and cellulose recovery (log 10 R 0 = 3.80) was 70.5% of the Klason lignin in wheat straw, while the C-9 structure calculated for this material was C 9 H 7.08 O 2.40 N 0.09 (OCH 3 ) 0.81 (OH) 1.05 (COCH 3 ) 0.005
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