Abstract
Production of small-sized peptides is significant because of their health benefits. Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane provides an effective fractionation of small-sized peptides on a large scale. Thus, the present study was aimed to evaluate the performance of multilayer UF membrane in fractionating tilapia fish by-product (TB) protein hydrolysate by observing the permeate flux, peptide transmission, and peptide distribution under different stirring speed, pH of feed solution, and salt concentration (NaCl). The fractionation process was carried out using a dead-end UF membrane system that consists of a stack of two membrane sheets with different (10/5 kDa) and similar (5/5 kDa) pore sizes in one device. The highest permeate flux (10/5 kDa–39.5 to 47.3 L/m2.h; 5/5 kDa– 15.8 to 20.3 L/m2.h) and peptide transmission (10/5 kDa–51.8 to 61.0%; 5/5 kDa–18.3 to 23.3%) for both multilayer membrane configurations were obtained at 3.0 bar, 600 rpm, pH 8, and without the addition of salt. It was also found that the permeates were enriched with small-size peptides (<500 Da) with a concentration of 0.58 g/L (10/5 kDa) and 0.65 g/L (5/5 kDa) as compared to large-sized peptides (500–1500 Da) with concentration of 0.56 g/L (10/5 kDa) and 0.36 g/L (5/5 kDa). This might indicate the enrichment of small-size peptides through the multilayer membrane which could potentially enhance the biological activity of the protein hydrolysate fraction.
Highlights
During fish processing, significant amounts of by-products comprised of frames, bones, skins, and tails are generated
Fish by-products contain valuable substances that can be used to generate a high-value product such as fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) that is rich in essential nutrients and bioactive peptides, which is useful for various physiological functions
The selection of the 5 kDa membrane at the bottom of the multilayer membrane arrangement was based on the high Angiotensin Iconverting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition activity obtained from the previous study [29], aiming for more peptide with sizes less than
Summary
Significant amounts of by-products comprised of frames, bones, skins, and tails are generated. Fish by-products contain valuable substances that can be used to generate a high-value product such as fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) that is rich in essential nutrients and bioactive peptides, which is useful for various physiological functions. Conversion of fish by-products to FPH is commonly achieved through enzymatic hydrolysis. FPH produced through an enzymatic process often comprises a complex mixture of peptides with different amino acid sequences that require subsequent fractionation to produce peptides with a specific size. It is a challenging process to enrich small-size peptides. Such peptides size could be obtained by manipulating the degree of hydrolysis (DH) during enzymatic reaction, production of these specific peptides in a large scale remains a major problem
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