Abstract
The study characterized physicochemical properties of basil seed mucilage (BSM) and the significance of research is discussed in context to exploit its polysaccharide nature for nutrition, food, and pharmaceutical applications. BSM was extracted, purified, and further fractionated to elaborate its biopolymer structure. Chemical analysis ascertained a decrease in impurities (protein, minerals, and alkaloids) after purification. Phytochemical behavior elucidated bioactivity due to presence of flavonoids. Uronic acid indicated polyelectrolyte behavior and polysaccharide fractions from BSM differed notably in monomer abundances and glycosidic linkages. BSM was extracted (BSM-20.49 % yield) and purified by alcoholic precipitation into basil seed gum-BSG (18.75 % yield). BSG was further fractionated into alcohol-insoluble fraction-F1 (13.70 % yield), alcohol-soluble fraction-F2 (6.80 % yield), and protein-free fraction-F3 (18.50 % yield). Colorimetric ‘L’ values (37.0–50.84) indicated light color. Bulk density (0.15–0.45 g/mL), wettability (0.06–3.5 min), solubility (3–30 %), antioxidant activity (27.01 %), polyphenols (11.76 mg GAE/100 g), and flavonoids (0.19 mg QE/100 g) were observed. BSM exhibited polyelectrolyte nature (3.10 % uronic acid) with 77.66 % carbohydrates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed low intensity of hydroxyl and amide bond in F3. Electron spray-ionization Time-of-flight Mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS-TOF) showed presence of uronic acids, glycosidic linkages, and monomeric units (mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) revealed crystalline behavior of F3. The results give a better understanding of its potential use as a promising hydrocolloid in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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