Fractionated Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Kernel Oil from Torreya fargesii.

Xianrong Zhou,Yan Zhang,Jianhua Wang,Hui Yang,Mingyi Qin,Jin Shang,Bo Jiang

doi:10.3390/molecules24183402

Abstract

Polymethylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids (PMI-PUFAs) are emerging functional lipids with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, a typical PMI-PUFA, sciadonic acid (C20:3, 5c 11c 14c), was enriched in the kernel oil of Torreya fargesii (T. fargesii) by fractionation. Fractionated kernel oil of T. fargesii (containing 25% sciadonic acid) showed equal stability and similar radical scavenging ability compared with the non-fractionated oil. In anti-inflammatory tests, fractionated kernel oil was shown to inhibit the activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE-5, efficiency 80% at 133.7 μg/mL) and lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5, efficiency 65% at 66.7 μg/mL) more effectively than the non-fractionated oil. This shows that increasing the amount of sciadonic acid can enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of the kernel oil. This research also indicates that fractionation is a feasible way to obtain sciadonic acid–rich functional oil with potential pharmacological effects.Practical ApplicationsThis study proved that fractionation can effectively enrich the content of PMI in Torreya kernel oil and improve its anti-inflammatory biological activity. It is a less expensive and possible mass-produced method to obtain PMI-PUFA–enriched Torreya oil. It is helpful in reducing the addition of Torreya oil in products and providing better bioactivity. Further studies are expected on the anti-inflammatory effects of enriched PMI-PUFA oil in vivo and the possibility of enriching other PMI-PUFA oils by fractionation.

Highlights

Polymethylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids (PMI-PUFAs) refer to a series of unusual fatty acids that are different from normal ∆3 /∆6 /∆9 PUFAs
We studied the activity of the kernel oil on inflammatory-related phosphodiesterase (ORAC) tests
We studied the activity of the kernel oil on inflammatory-related (PDE-5)

Summary

Introduction

Polymethylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids (PMI-PUFAs) refer to a series of unusual fatty acids that are different from normal ∆3 /∆6 /∆9 PUFAs. PMI-PUFAs have a unique structure of two or more double bonds (in cis-configuration) separated by at least one polymethylene group [1]. PMI-PUFAs include pinolenic acid (C18:3, 5c 9c 12c), sciadonic acid (C20:3, 5c 11c 14c), ∆7 -eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3, 7c 11c 14c), and juniperonic acid (C20:4, 5c 11c 14c 17c) (Figure 1). Fat with pinolenic acid was used as an ingredient in diet food [2] and structured lipids [3]. Pedrono found that sciadonic acid has anti-hypertriglyceridemic effects due to its ability to inhibit on ∆9 desaturase [4].

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