Fractional Keller–Segel equation: Global well-posedness and finite time blow-up

Abstract

This article studies the aggregation diffusion equation \[ \partial_t\rho = \Delta^\frac{\alpha}{2} \rho + \lambda\,\mathrm{div}((K*\rho)\rho), \] where $\Delta^\frac{\alpha}{2}$ denotes the fractional Laplacian and $K = \frac{x}{|x|^\beta}$ is an attractive kernel. This equation is a generalization of the classical Keller-Segel equation, which arises in the modeling of the motion of cells. In the diffusion dominated case $\beta < \alpha$ we prove global well-posedness for an $L^1_k$ initial condition, and in the fair competition case $\beta = \alpha$ for an $L^1_k\cap L\ln L$ initial condition with small mass. In the aggregation dominated case $\beta > \alpha$, we prove global or local well-posedness for an $L^p$ initial condition, depending on some smallness condition on the $L^p$ norm of the initial data. We also prove that finite time blow-up of even solutions occurs under some initial mass concentration criteria.