Fractal-feature distance as a substitute for observer performance index in contrast-detail examination

Abstract

Purpose To assess whether or not the fractal-feature distance using the box-counting algorithm can be a substitute for observer performance index. Methods and materials Contrast-detail (C-D) phantom images were obtained at various mAs-values (0.5–4.0 mAs) and 140 kV p with a Fuji computed radiography system, and the reference image was acquired at 50 mAs; all cylindrical targets in the C-D phantom were visualized on this image. The C-D images were converted to binary images using the profile curves around the smallest cylindrical target images on the reference images. The fractal analysis was conducted using the box-counting algorithm for these binary images. The fractal-feature distances between the low-dose and reference images were calculated using the fractal dimension and the complexity. Furthermore, we performed the C-D analysis in which ten radiologists participated, and compared the fractal-feature distances with the image quality figures (IQF) derived from the C-D analysis with Markov chain. Results For all C-D phantom radiographs, the relationship between the length of the square boxes and the number of boxes to cover the positive pixels of the binary image was linear on a log–log scale ( r ≥ 0.999). A strong linear correlation was found between the fractal-feature distance and IQF ( r = 0.990). Conclusion We have shown that the binary image of C-D phantom can be analyzed by the box-counting algorithm and its fractal-feature distance increases as the radiation dose decreases. Furthermore, we have shown that the fractal-feature distances will be equivalent to IQFs in C-D analysis.