Abstract
The article presents a new methodology for the selection of the water quality monitoring sensor locations using the water quality model created by means of the EPANET 2.0 software (United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Durham, NC, USA). The model represents the propagation of free chlorine in a water supply network, in conjunction with the heuristic method, applying the elements of fractal geometry. In the first stage, a subarea is determined, while in the second, a specific node for the location of the measuring point is indicated. The process of determining the location is based on a ranking method, in which the usefulness of individual subareas and measuring nodes is determined by means of a formula taking into account the amount of water intake, the required level of water supply and the effects of a lack of water supply, as well as the calculated concentration of free chlorine. The application of the method requires the construction and calibration of a numerical model of free chlorine decay in the network, as well as the knowledge on the location of the objects of particular importance for the network users. The proposed method will be applied in an existing water supply network of approximately 50,000 recipients.
Highlights
The water quality monitoring is the most important measure ensuring the supply of water with high quality, meeting the requirements included in the legal regulations of each country
The purpose of the article is to present a methodology for the selection of water quality monitoring sensor locations taking into account concentration of free chlorine, reliability of supplying water of adequate quality required by customers, the consequences of failure to meet these requirements, the amount of water demand, and the exclusion of the location of measuring points too close to each other
Using the data pertaining to the water demand allocated to particular junctions, the results of simulations conducted using a numerical model and the information gathered through consultations with the employees of the local Water and Sewerage Company pertaining to the type of recipients and buildings, the location of residual chlorine measurement points was determined
Summary
The water quality monitoring is the most important measure ensuring the supply of water with high quality, meeting the requirements included in the legal regulations of each country. These regulations usually indicate that monitoring is to be carried out at the points representative of the water quality in the distribution system, in which the sensors detecting the contamination events can be placed. The procedure for determining the location of such points is not specified. Numerous methods have been developed all over the world to solve the monitor location problem; until now there has been no universal method of determining the representative sensor locations. Hart and Murray [1] reviewed the available literature on the monitoring sensors strategies until 2009, and they suggested several key issues that need to be addressed in the future work
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