FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF LIPASE–CATALYSED SYNTHESIS OF BUTYL BUTYRATE IN A MICROBIOREACTOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NOISE

Abstract

Microbioreactors operated in real environments are often subject to noise from the environment. This is commonly manifested as fluctuations in the flow rates of the feed streams. Previous studies with larger bioreactors have shown that noise can seriously impair the performance. Given this possibility, the effects of noise on the performance of a microbioreactor have been analyzed for the trans-esterification of vinyl butyrate by 1-butanol by immobilized lipase B to produce butyl butyrate. As in previous work for macrobioreactors, the analysis was done with (i) no noise, (ii) unfiltered noise, and (iii) noise filtered by four different methods, and the fractal dimension of the product was used as an index of the performance. All fractal dimensions decreased with increasing dilution rates, and significant stochastic chaos was likely at low dilution rates. Of the four types of filters, the auto-associative neural filter (ANF) was the most effective in reducing chaos and restoring of smooth, nearly noise-free performance. The ANF also does not require a process model, which is a significant advantage for real systems. Simulations also revealed that even in the absence of noise, deterministic chaos is possible at low dilution rates; this underscores the importance of efficient filtering under such conditions when external noise too is present. The results thus establish the importance of noise in microbioreactor behavior and the usefulness of the fractal dimension in characterizing the effects.