Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inveterate phlogistic situation characterized by focal and vaguely diffusive de-myelination and neurodegeneration, in the sphere of central nervous system (CNS). The brain's chronic inflammatory reaction includes astrocyte stimulation and microglial motivation, as well as macrophages marginal conscription. This lasting serious soreness of the brain is connected with neurodegeneration period and disability advance. The present study is considering two main purposes as follows. Primarily, to apply the fractal analysis in the idea of documenting the fractals dominance at all stages of the nervous system hierarchy, giving faith to the precept of their funciar relevancy. Secondly, to take into account the problems unresolved of the thorough connections between self-organized criticality concept and self-similarity notion. More precisely, in reality we will obtain information about the fractal size and lacunarity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on the areas of interest of the brain, rich in microglial cells with fringes from peripheral macrophages cells. This approach will play a decisive role in the action of detecting neural disabilities, such as in particular multiple sclerosis cortical onset, the final goal of our investigation. The diagnosis is based on interpretation of both histological sample pictures and images obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance. Using fractal analysis, we have calculated, for each image separately, both the fractal dimension and the lacunarity, as an objective quantitative measure of the demyelinating action. For three histopathological samples on glial cells, with visible erosions, the fractal dimension has value over 1.89 and the lacunarity value is between 0.050 and 0.079. In the gray level stages of the studied MRI pictures, the fractal dimension is above the value of 1.7 and the lacunarity is between the values of 0.0286 and 0.0393.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder in which myelin sheaths, the substance that covers most nervous fibers, as well as nerves, especially the optic nerves and structural elements of the spinal cord, are damaged or destroyed
There were processed three different images of histological samples, in which there are presented lesion edges specific of multiple sclerosis disease
Acting demyelinating lesions signify the hasty lesion phases and are a premise of immuno-pattern assortment. These visible erosions have been arranged in classes in one of the known immuno-pathological models, Fig. 1
Summary
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder in which myelin sheaths, the substance that covers most nervous fibers, as well as nerves, especially the optic nerves and structural elements of the spinal cord, are damaged or destroyed. Approximately 2.5 million people have multiple sclerosis, and in Romania, there are over 10,000 patients diagnosed with this condition. The term “multiple sclerosis” refers to several areas of scarring observed, namely the sclerosis itself, which results from the destruction of the sheath around the nerves. Sometimes the nervous fibers that send the messages (axons) are affected. The brain may shrink (brain atrophy) due to axonal damage [1]
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