Fracaso renal agudo. Concepto, definición, epidemiologia, etiopatogenia y clasificación, manifestaciones clínicas, complicaciones y diagnóstico diferencial

Abstract

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a reversible clinical syndrome caused by the sudden loss of renal function in early stages if the source of the damage is removed. It can be caused by pre-renal causes that compromise renal blood perfusion, which causes parenchymal or interstitial affect glomerular or tubular structures obstructive causes when the urinary excretion is affected. It assumes a common complication in critically ill patients and their conditions more severe forms high mortality, the need for alternative therapies and high health spending. Although the pathophysiology is variable, in case a large number of structural damage coexist level glomeruli and renal tubules. Clinical manifestations depend on the original etiology, including the elevation of nitrogenous products, and often impaired homeostasis, body composition, acid-base balance and catabolism.