Abstract
BackgroundWe determined the expression of forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1), E-cadherin (E-cad), Mucin 1 (MUC1), vimentin (VIM) and S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), all epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicator proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples. We also investigated the relationship between these five proteins expression and other clinicopathologic factors in NSCLC. Finally, we assessed the potential value of these markers as prognostic indicators of survival in NSCLC's patients.MethodsQuantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to characterize the expression of the FoxQ1 mRNA and protein in NSCLC. Expression of transcripts and translated products for the other four EMT indicator proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry in the same clinical NSCLC samples.ResultsFoxQ1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in NSCLC compared with normal tissues (P = 0.015 and P<0.001, respectively). Expression of FoxQ1 in adenocarcinoma was higher than in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.005), and high expression of FoxQ1 correlated with loss of E-cad expression (P = 0.012), and anomalous positivity of VIM (P = 0.024) and S100A4 (P = 0.004). Additional survival analysis showed that high expression of FoxQ1 (P = 0.047) and E-cad (P = 0.021) were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionFoxQ1 maybe plays a specific role in the EMT of NSCLC, and could be used as a prognostic factor for NSCLC.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer type, and the leading cause of cancer death globally, with greater mortality than breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer combined [1,2]
Many recent studies have noted that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event in tumour invasion and metastasis in epithelial-derived cancers [7,8,9,10], including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [11,12,13,14]
EMT is characterized by down-regulation of epithelial differentiation markers E-cadherin (E-cad) [16,17,18,19,20] and Mucin 1 (MUC1) [21], and the up-regulation of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin (VIM) [17,18,19,20,22,23], fibronectin [17,20,24] and S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) [25,26,27,28]
Summary
Lung cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer type, and the leading cause of cancer death globally, with greater mortality than breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer combined [1,2]. EMT is characterized by down-regulation of epithelial differentiation markers E-cadherin (E-cad) [16,17,18,19,20] and Mucin 1 (MUC1) [21], and the up-regulation of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin (VIM) [17,18,19,20,22,23], fibronectin [17,20,24] and S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) [25,26,27,28]. We determined the expression of forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1), E-cadherin (E-cad), Mucin 1 (MUC1), vimentin (VIM) and S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), all epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicator proteins in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples. We assessed the potential value of these markers as prognostic indicators of survival in NSCLC’s patients
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