Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), a gene member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcription regulators, is implicated in regulating immune system development and function. This gene has been found to be of crucial importance for the generation of CD4CD25 regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition to its expression in the lymphocyte lineage, studies have recently described FOXP3 expression in normal and cancer cells nonhematopoietic-derived, suggesting that FOXP3 exerts a broader function than that on Tregs. A role for FOXP3 as an onco-suppressor gene in human cancers has been suggested based on in vitro studies showing that FOXP3 is implicated in repressing various oncogenes and enhancing expression of tumorsuppressor genes. However, numerous studies in samples from human cancer patients showed a positive correlation between FOXP3 expression and poor prognosis, especially with metastasis. Further investigations are required to clarify the significance of FOXP3 expression in tumor cells and to identify the mechanisms by which it affects prognosis.
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