Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and macular vessel density (VD) after correction for magnification error in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsParticipants comprised 15 patients with unilateral amblyopia due to anisometropia with or without strabismus (mean age, 9.8 ± 3.4 years; range, 6–17 years). OCTA images were obtained by using spectral-domain OCT with angiography software. The OCTA scanning protocol used was 3 × 3-mm volume scan centered on the fovea. OCTA images were corrected for magnification errors using individual axial length (AL), and an adjusted 2.3 × 2.3-mm square was derived as a region of interest. The FAZ area and VD in both superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) layers, foveal minimum thickness (FMT) were assessed using built-in OCTA software and ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD).ResultsLogMAR in the amblyopic eyes was significantly poorer than that of the fellow eye (p < 0.001). AL was significantly shorter in the amblyopic eye than in the fellow eye (p < 0.001). FAZ area of SCP in amblyopic eyes was significantly smaller than that of fellow eyes (p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen in FAZ area of DCP, VD of SCP, VD of DCP, and FMT between amblyopic and fellow eyes (p = 0.07, 0.43, 0.55, and 0.25, respectively).ConclusionsOur present study after magnification error correction found smaller FAZ area of SCP in the amblyopic eye compared with the fellow eyes, but there was no significant difference in the macular VD between the amblyopic and fellow eyes.
Highlights
To investigate the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and macular vessel density (VD) after correction for magnification error in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)
We evaluated FAZ area and macular VD after magnification error correction using OCTA in unilateral amblyopia to investigate the retinal vasculature of amblyopic eyes
Subjects All enrolled patients were diagnosed with unilateral amblyopia due to anisometropia or anisometropia combined with strabismus and underwent OCTA examination
Summary
This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board committee at Kawasaki Medical School (registration number: 3473). OCT scan protocol and image analysis OCTA images were obtained using spectral-domain (SD)OCT with software (RS-3000 Advance with AngioScan software; NIDEK, Gamagori, Japan) (Fig. 1a, d). A 2.3 × 2.3mm square was derived as a region of interest from an OCTA image scaled by the magnification correction factor using open source image-processing software (GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) version 2.10.8), because the original area measured may have been inconsistent between eyes. FAZ area of SCP in amblyopic eyes was significantly smaller than that of fellow eyes (p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen in FAZ area of DCP, VD of SCP, VD of DCP, and FMT between amblyopic and fellow eyes (p = 0.07, 0.43, 0.55, and 0.25, respectively)
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