Abstract
BackgroundMelanoma cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) subpopulations which differ in size, phenotype and molecular content. Melanoma derived EVs play a role in the development and progression of cancer by delivering surface receptors and bioactive (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) or signaling molecules to target cells. MethodsWe applied Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to compare infrared spectra of absorption for different subpopulations of EVs originating from normal human melanocytes, primary cutaneous melanoma (WM115) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma (WM266-4). ResultsFTIR results showed that exosome and ectosome populations differ in content of protein and lipid components. We obtained higher lipid to protein ratio for ectosomes in comparison with exosomes what confirms that exosomes are very densely packed with protein cargo. We identified the lowest value of saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids parameter in the metastatic WM266-4 cell line and ectosomes derived from WM266-4 cell line in comparison with normal melanocytes and the primary WM115 cell line. We identified the alterations in the content of secondary structures of proteins present in EV subpopulations originating from melanocytes and melanoma cells in different malignancy. ConclusionsObtained results revealed differences in the molecular composition of melanoma derived EVs subtypes, including protein secondary structure, and showed progressive structural changes during cancer development.
Highlights
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive and the deadliest type of skin cancer which occasionally develops in other organs [1]
We observed a shift towards bigger exosome mean size for exosomes obtained from more malignant cells, the smallest exosomes were ob tained from melanocytes (HEMa-LP), the biggest were derived from the most malignant cell line (WM266-4)
Based on the registered ATR-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra for cell lines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) sub types derived from parental cells, we calculated parameters that enable differentiation of studied samples such as: Lipid (All)/(Amid I + Amid II), acyl chain length (ACL) and SFA/UFA
Summary
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive and the deadliest type of skin cancer which occasionally develops in other organs (eye, oral and nasal mucosa, vulval and anorectal mucosa) [1]. Its metabolism is reprogrammed what con tributes to the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of melanoma phenotype like pigmentation (melanin granule content) or protein glycosylation profile (complex-type glycans) [3,4,5,6] This melanoma development to wards more malignant forms results in changes in their biological characteristics (migration, proliferation), genetic profile, as well as physical properties (cell elasticity, membrane hydration level) [3,7,8,9]. Melanoma derived EVs play a role in the development and progression of cancer by delivering surface receptors and bioactive (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) or signaling molecules to target cells. Conclusions: Obtained results revealed differences in the molecular composition of melanoma derived EVs sub types, including protein secondary structure, and showed progressive structural changes during cancer development
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