Abstract
BackgroundFourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI) is used to investigate the amide anisotropies at different surfaces of a three-dimensional cartilage or tendon block. With the change in the polarization state of the incident infrared light, the resulting anisotropic behavior of the tissue structure is described here.MethodsThin sections (6 μm thick) were obtained from three different surfaces of the canine tissue blocks and imaged at 6.25 μm pixel resolution. For each section, infrared imaging experiments were repeated thirteen times with the identical parameters except a 15° increment of the analyzer's angle in the 0° – 180° angular space. The anisotropies of amide I and amide II components were studied in order to probe the orientation of the collagen fibrils at different tissue surfaces.ResultsFor tendon, the anisotropy of amide I and amide II components in parallel sections is comparable to that of regular sections; and tendon's cross sections show distinct, but weak anisotropic behavior for both the amide components. For articular cartilage, parallel sections in the superficial zone have the expected infrared anisotropy that is consistent with that of regular sections. The parallel sections in the radial zone, however, have a nearly isotropic amide II absorption and a distinct amide I anisotropy.ConclusionFrom the inconsistency in amide anisotropy between superficial to radial zone in parallel section results, a schematic model is used to explain the origins of these amide anisotropies in cartilage and tendon.
Highlights
Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI) is used to investigate the amide anisotropies at different surfaces of a three-dimensional cartilage or tendon block
The anisotropy of amide I absorption is opposite to that of amide II for all three sections, that ensures the perpendicularity of transition moment directions of these amide bonds
For the parallel and regular sections of tendon, since the fibril's long axis is parallel to the x-axis of the moving stage in both orientations, their infrared anisotropy is similar to that of the radial zone fibrils in regular sections of articular cartilage
Summary
Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI) is used to investigate the amide anisotropies at different surfaces of a three-dimensional cartilage or tendon block. Tendon is a soft connective tissue that lies in between bones and muscles in animal and human body to transfer the force experienced by muscle to the bone. Tendon has the nature to resist mechanical tension. Depending upon the joint where it is placed, tendon can have different anatomic shapes [1]. Investigation on tendon has been carried out in various aspects [2,3,4,5,6] such as understanding the shape, structure, mechanical properties, tissue repair and structure-function relationship. Articular cartilage is a soft connective tissue, which covers the end surfaces of bones in synovial joints to distribute compressive loading. While type I collagen fibrils are commonly found in tendon as the highly organ-
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