Four objective techno-economic generation expansion planning integrated with renewable sources using a novel power flow solution

Abstract

The use of renewable resources such as wind turbines, solar power, and fuel cells is prevalent in microgrids. However, the environmental constraints and uncertainties associated with renewable sources, along with the restructuring of the electricity industry, present challenges for planners and investors, particularly in economic dimension. This article focuses on investigating the impact of environmental pollution limits and system uncertainties in a restructured environment on the development planning of electric energy production. The aim is to address the economic aspects while considering environmental considerations and uncertainties related to renewable sources. Additionally, network renovation or reconfiguration is explored to balance the load on feeders and minimize areas without electricity, thereby improving service reliability. In this paper four objective function include cost, emission pollution, power losses and voltage profile are considered. In order to find the best solution a novel three-phase unbalanced power flow approach for planning the development of power systems' production using a two-layer iteration algorithm in microgrids with Distributed Generators (DGs) is introduced. The proposed method considers investment, maintenance, operation, and decommissioning costs of units, as well as environmental and economic indicators as objective functions. To select the best solution after multi-objective optimization, a fuzzy decision-making method is employed. The proposed methodology is tested on the IEEE 33-bus system in a restructured environment, considering uncertainties, and its efficiency is demonstrated. The results showcase the effectiveness of the approach in addressing the complexities of planning electric energy production, considering environmental factors, and achieving optimal solutions in the presence of uncertainties.