Four nights of sleep restriction suppress the postprandial lipemic response and decrease satiety

Kelly M Ness,Stephen M Strayer,Nicole G Nahmod,Margeaux M Schade,Anne-Marie Chang,Gregory C Shearer,Orfeu M Buxton

doi:10.1194/jlr.p094375

Abstract

Chronic sleep restriction, or inadequate sleep, is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Laboratory studies demonstrate that sleep restriction causes impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal. Evidence suggests that inadequate sleep also impairs adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and the NEFA rebound during intravenous glucose tolerance tests, yet no studies have examined the effects of sleep restriction on high-fat meal lipemia. We assessed the effect of 5 h time in bed (TIB) per night for four consecutive nights on postprandial lipemia following a standardized high-fat dinner (HFD). Furthermore, we assessed whether one night of recovery sleep (10 h TIB) was sufficient to restore postprandial metabolism to baseline. We found that postprandial triglyceride (TG) area under the curve was suppressed by sleep restriction (P = 0.01), but returned to baseline values following one night of recovery. Sleep restriction decreased NEFAs throughout the HFD (P = 0.02) and NEFAs remained suppressed in the recovery condition (P = 0.04). Sleep restriction also decreased participant-reported fullness or satiety (P = 0.03), and decreased postprandial interleukin-6 (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that four nights of 5 h TIB per night impair postprandial lipemia and that one night of recovery sleep may be adequate for recovery of TG metabolism, but not for markers of adipocyte function.

Highlights

Chronic sleep restriction, or inadequate sleep, is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
This study examined whether the impaired glucose tolerance and altered lipid oxidation induced by four nights of 5 h time in bed (TIB)/night has real-world repercussions for metabolism by assessing the postprandial response to a standardized high-fat dinner (HFD) in young healthy men
This study assessed whether one night of recovery sleep (10 h TIB opportunity) was sufficient to restore postprandial metabolic processes to baseline levels

Summary

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Participants consumed exactly the same meals on the day prior to the baseline and sleep restriction standardized HFDs. The prior day’s diet was composed of 59% carbohydrates, 15.1% protein, 25.9% fat, 1,726 mg Ca, 135 mEq K, and 200 mEq Na. Due to the compressed timeframe for recovery procedures, and the need to accommodate an intravenous glucose tolerance test on the morning prior, nutrition on the day before recovery HFD was consumed as part of only two meals (lunch and dinner) and had slightly different micro- and macronutrient content: 56.8% carbohydrates, 15.5% protein, 27.7% fat, 2,056 mg Ca, 129 mEq K, and 201 mEq Na. Participant sleep at home prior to admission (both habitual and the pre-study 10 h TIB routine) was assessed via actigraphy (Spectrum; Philips-Respironics, Murrysville, PA). BMI was tested as a covariate but was not significant for any metabolite, so it was removed from the final models

Participants

DISCUSSION

Limitations