Abstract
Four new dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives and two known 3-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were isolated from methanol extracts using the aerial parts of Salicornia herbacea. The four new dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives were established as 3-caffeoyl-5-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoyl-5-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, 3-caffeoyl-4-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, and 3,5-di-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester. Their chemical structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (LC-ESI-MS). In addition, the presence of dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives in this plant was reconfirmed by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The isolated compounds strongly scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibited cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide formation during rat blood plasma oxidation induced by copper ions. These results indicate that the caffeoylquinic acid derivatives may partially contribute to the antioxidative effect of S. herbacea.
Highlights
Excessive reactive oxygen species cause oxidative damage in the body and are often the result of various human diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, and aging [1]
This pattern agrees with similar results for the DPPH radical-scavenging activities of dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives isolated from this plant reported in our previous study [19]
1.0 rat blood plasma oxidation induced by copper ions.a It is well known that the catechol group has high a free radical-scavenging and metal-chelating effects [27,28].a In addition, five other dicaffeoylquinic acid a
Summary
Excessive reactive oxygen species cause oxidative damage in the body and are often the result of various human diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, and aging [1]. Halophytes are constantly exposed to salt-triggered oxidative stress. These plants synthesize and accumulate various secondary metabolites including antioxidative phenolics and flavonoids with multiple biochemical defensive capabilities to maintain ion homeostasis and protect their cell functions in response to saline stress [7]. 147.2 147.3 147.9 144.9and flavonoid glucosides in this plant were isolated and identified as compounds. We performed further studies to isolate and identify the antioxidative. 169.0 169.0 167.8 174.6 of four new and two known caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from well as 133.5 their antioxidative activities. Six antioxidative compounds isolated and 120.6 identified from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc).
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