Abstract
Many threatened species worldwide rely on patches of remnant vegetation in private landholdings. To establish private reserves that contribute effectively to conservation involves a wide range of complex and interacting ecological, legal, social and financial factors. These can be seen as a series of successive hurdles, each with multiple bars, which must all be surmounted. The golden lion tamarin, Leontopithecus rosalia, is restricted to the Atlantic Forest biome in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This forest is largely cleared. There are many small remnant patches on private lands, able to support tamarins. Local NGO’s have successfully used limited funds to contribute to tamarin conservation in a highly cost effective way. We examined the mechanisms by analysing documents and interviewing landholders and other stakeholders. We found that the local NGOs successfully identified landholdings where ecological, legal, social and some financial hurdles had already been crossed, and helped landholders over the final financial hurdle by funding critical cost components. This cost <5% of the price of outright land purchase. This approach is scaleable for golden lion tamarin elsewhere within the Atlantic Forest biome, and applicable for other species and ecosystems worldwide.
Highlights
Practical conservation involves complex social-ecological systems (Karanth and deFries, 2010; Pereira et al, 2010; Perrings et al, 2011; Balmford, 2012; Barnosky et al, 2012; McCarthy et al, 2012; Waldron et al, 2013; Le Saout et al, 2014; Mace, 2014; Pimm et al, 2014; Schwitzer et al, 2014)
We focussed on private reserves in the State of Rio de Janeiro which had been established in conjunction with the state government environment agency, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA)
(6) Poaching, pathogens, and predation and competition from feral and invasive species are controlled on private landholdings
Summary
Practical conservation involves complex social-ecological systems (Karanth and deFries, 2010; Pereira et al, 2010; Perrings et al, 2011; Balmford, 2012; Barnosky et al, 2012; McCarthy et al, 2012; Waldron et al, 2013; Le Saout et al, 2014; Mace, 2014; Pimm et al, 2014; Schwitzer et al, 2014) This applies for conservation on private landholdings, which involves legal, financial, and social interactions between multiple stakeholders (Knight et al, 2010; Bodin et al, 2014; Kamal et al, 2015a). What year was the RPPN created? What is the area of the RPPN? Why did you establish your RPPN? How did you first learn about RPPNs? What challenges did you encounter during the establishment phase of the RPPN? What challenges did you encounter during the process of establishing the RPPN? What actions could ameliorate these challenges? What are the benefits of creating a RPPN?
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