Four-dimensional imaging of umbilical-vein-to-right-atrium shunt in fetus with Type-I Abernethy malformation.

Abstract

Videoclip S1: The four-chamber view showing dilated right atrium and significant herniation of the RFOA into the left atrium resulting in stretching of the primum septum resembling an ostium primum atrial septal defect. Videoclip S2: Four-chamber grayscale and color Doppler showing vigorous and bidirectional blood flow across the foramen ovale and reduced mitral inflow. Videoclip S3: Grayscale and color Doppler sweep from fetal upper abdomen to four-chamber view showing the umbilical vein draining directly into the right atrium. Videoclip S4: Sagittal color Doppler imaging of the fetal abdomen showing the anomalous extra-hepatic course of the umbilical vein draining directly into the right atrium. Videoclip S5: Axial four-chamber 4D STIC HD-live color silhouette volume rendering showing the extra-hepatic course of umbilical vein draining into the right atrium (hand symbol). Videoclips S6 and S7: Sagittal 4D STIC HD-live color silhouette volume rendering of the fetal abdomen showing the extra-hepatic course of the umbilical vein draining into the right atrium. The ductus venosus and intrahepatic portal venous system (right and left portal veins) were absent. Videoclip S8: Axial color Doppler examination of the fetal abdomen showing compensated liver perfusion by increased hepatic artery blood flow and end to side extrahepatic drainage of main portal vein to inferior vena cava. Videoclip S9: Oblique sagittal 4D STIC HD-live color silhouette volume rendering of the fetal abdomen showing the increased hepatic artery blood flow (hand symbol). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.