Abstract
During the 20th century, the United Nations led several peacekeeping missions into Africa, where civil wars and armed conflicts among states have followed each other. These conflicts differed in many aspects from each other, and the UN tried to give several answers to heal the conflicts. This essay attempts to present and compare these conflicts and the UN missions through the case of three states and a colony, Angola, Namibia, the Central African Republic, and Western Sahara.
Highlights
If we are observing the countries and conflicts of Africa, the first typical particularity is, that the nations of Africa reached the highest level of self-determination relatively late, only in the 20th century
United Nations Observer Mission in Angola United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic emphasize, the mandate of MINUSCA expressly deals with the protection and monitoring of human rights
On one hand the historical heritage of Africa is too heavy a burden on the underdeveloped social, economic and political systems, the African states are hardly able to cope with the difficulties on their own
Summary
If we are observing the countries and conflicts of Africa, the first typical particularity is, that the nations of Africa reached the highest level of self-determination relatively late, only in the 20th century. During colonial times the Central African Republic was a part of a greater, contiguous French colony, named French Equatorial Africa The borders of this entity were settled in different treaties among the neighboring powers and France in 1894 and 1899. In Africa as a principle, the uti possidetis was used firstly in the Sixties Based on this principle the International Court of Justice adjudged in the case of the border-dispute of Burkina Faso and Mali in 1986, that the essence of the principle is to keep the borders in the condition they were in the moment of earning self-determination. The ICJ adjudged in 1975, the first step in the conquest of Río de Oro was taken by the Spanish king, when he declared he would take under his protection the land of Río de Oro in the name of the Spanish crown, with a settlement with the local chieftains. [6]
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