Abstract
The butanol extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis roots fermented with Weissella cibaria (BAW) effectively prevents inflammation and remodeling of airway in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. To characterize biomarkers that can predict the anti-asthmatic effects induced by BAW treatment, we measured the alteration of endogenous metabolites in the serum of OVA-induced asthma mice after administration of low concentration BAW (BAWLo, 250 mg/kg) and high concentration BAW (BAWHi, 500 mg/kg) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectral data. The number of immune cells and serum concentration of IgE as well as thickness of the respiratory epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway significantly recovered in the OVA+BAW treated group as compared to the OVA+Vehicle treated group. In the metabolic profile analysis, the pattern recognition showed completely separate clustering of serum analysis parameters between the OVA+Vehicle and OVA+BAW treated groups. Of the total endogenous metabolites, 19 metabolites were upregulated or downregulated in the OVA+Vehicle treated group as compared to the Control treated group. However, only 4 amino acids (alanine, glycine, methionine and tryptophan) were significantly recovered after BAWLo and BAWHi treatment. This study provides the first results pertaining to metabolic changes in the asthma model mice treated with OVA+BAW. Additionally, these findings show that 4 metabolites can be used as one of biomarkers to predict the anti-asthmatic effects.
Highlights
Asthma, a widespread chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory airway, is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, infiltration of the airway by eosinophils and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and airway remodeling [1,2,3]
Anti-asthma effect of butanol fractions of FARW (BAW) in OVA-challenging model To confirm the anti-asthma effects of BAW in an OVAchallenged asthma mouse model, an alteration in the number of immune cells, IgE concentration and histopathological structure were measured in the Control, OVA+Vehicle and OVA+BAW treated BALB/c mice
We found that the total number of cells, eosinophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were higher in the OVA+Vehicle treated group than in the Control group
Summary
A widespread chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory airway, is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, infiltration of the airway by eosinophils and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and airway remodeling [1,2,3]. Several studies have screened the metabolic biomarker in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of OVA-challenged mice treated with few drugs, to anticipate the anti-asthma effects. Various metabolites in energy metabolism (mannose, arabinose and galactose), amino acid metabolism (5-methoxy-tryptophan and N-acetyltyrosine) and lipid metabolism (diglycerides and triglycerides) were significantly altered in the BALF from OVA-challenged BALB/c mice treated with Vehicle or dexamethasone (Dex) [8]. 12-hydroxy-17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-OH-17,18-EpETE) was identified as one of the major biosynthesized molecule which was amplified by omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) administration in OVA-challenged C57BL/6 mice [10]. There has been no study using the metabolomics technology to analyze serum from the asthma model treated with BAW, to screen an alternative biomarker with antiasthma effects
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