Abstract
The mineralization of bacterial organic matter in the groundwater of Iceland is discussed. Structural relationships between secondary minerals in cavities within a Pleistocene basaltic sill and the general sequence of their precipitation allowed us to recognize five stages of the secondary mineral formation. Two stages of layer silicate formation separated by a stage of zeolite and apophyllite formation were pointed out. The composition and structure of clay minerals formed at different stages as a result of the interaction between groundwater and basalt with an active participation of bacteria have been investigated. Clay minerals of the second stage are similar in composition and microstructure to biomorphic structures previously studied in Miocene plateau basalts. The last stage of mineralization is related to the fossilization of filamentous microbiota residing in open cavities and covering all older secondary minerals
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