Fossil actinomycete filaments and fungal hyphae in dicotyledonous wood from the Eocene London Clay, Isle-of-Sheppey, Kent, England

Abstract

Two types of filamentous microfossil are preserved within vessel elements and rays of pyritized and partly carbonized twigs from the Lower Eocene London Clay. The first type, probably a Streptomyces-like actinomycete, is slender (<1 µm) with branches and some regular septation. Wider filaments (>2 µm) are fungal hyphae; no reproductive structures are preserved. These filamentous organisms probably started growing saprophytically after the death of the twigs; the fungi created lysis tracks on cell walls. Both are seen to pass through pyrite crystals that fill the lumina of some vessel elements, showing that they are not Recent contaminants.