Abstract
Measured extinction of light by particles, especially those much larger than the wavelength of the light illuminating them, must be corrected for forward-scattered light collected by the detector. Near-forward scattering by arbitrary nonspherical particles is, according to Fraunhofer diffraction theory, more sharply peaked than that by spheres of equal projected area. The difference between scattering by a nonspherical particle and that by an equal-area sphere is greater the more diffusely the particle's projected area is distributed about its centroid. Snowflakes are an example of large atmospheric particles that are often highly nonspherical. Calculations of the forward-scattering correction to extinction by ice needles have been made under the assumption that they can be approximated as randomly oriented prolate spheroids (aspect ratio 10:1). The correction factor can be as much as 20% less than that for equal-area spheres depending on the detector's acceptance angle and the wavelength. Randomly oriented oblate spheroids scatter more nearly like equal-area spheres.
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