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Abstract
ABSTRACT Forward osmosis (FO) was investigated for treating an acid gold-mining effluent. Draw solution reconcentration by reverse osmosis (RO) was simulated and the FO-RO system economically evaluated. FO presented a rejection of 92.2% for total As and >98.5% for all other ions investigated. Concentration polarization caused a severe reduction in JFO. RO could operate as an additional barrier, with rejection >99.9%. FO-RO presented an estimated capital expenditure of 2,292,444 USD. It was found that Js was more critical in reducing permeate costs than JFO. Nevertheless, the FO-RO system could generate a high-quality effluent, indicating an opportunity to water reuse.
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