Abstract

The article discusses in detail the systems of fortification of early medieval castles and estates of the Berkut-Kalinsky oasis. When preparing this article, a unified database was formed, for which the card index of the castles of the Berkut-Kalinsky oasis was used, compiled by E.E. Nerazik in the early 60s. At one time it was not published in full and is currently stored in the archive of the Institute of Ethnography and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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