Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used both as a single herb and in compound prescriptions in Asia, mainly due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Modern pharmacology has proved Forsythiae Fructus possesses various therapeutic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Up to now, three hundred and twenty-one compounds have been identified and sensitive analytical methods have been established for its quality control. Recently, the pharmacokinetics of Forsythiae Fructus and its bioactive compounds have been reported, providing valuable information for its clinical application. Therefore, this systematic review focused on the newest scientific reports on Forsythiae Fructus and extensively summarizes its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and standardization procedures, especially the difference between the two applied types—unripe Forsythiae Fructus and ripe Forsythiae Fructus—in the hope of providing a helpful reference and guide for its clinical applications and further studies.
Highlights
Forsythiae Fructus, the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa, known as lianqiao in China, was first recorded in Shennong Bencao Jing, a prestigious monograph on traditionalChinese medicine (TCM) [1], and subsequently listed in the pharmacopoeias of the People’sRepublic of China, Japan and Korea [2,3,4]
Both of them have been listed as Forsythiae Fructus in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, previous studies have found that the harvest time could affect the qualitative profile and relative contents of compounds in Forsythiae Fructus, which might further influence its pharmacological activities
In Asia, Forsythiae Fructus is widely used in the clinic as a single drug or compound prescription
Summary
Chinese medicine (TCM) [1], and subsequently listed in the pharmacopoeias of the People’s. Republic of China, Japan and Korea [2,3,4] It has been used as a heat-clearing and detoxifying. Due to the different harvest times, they are distinguished as UFF and RFF collected at early September and October, respectively [6]. Both of them have been listed as Forsythiae Fructus in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, previous studies have found that the harvest time could affect the qualitative profile and relative contents of compounds in Forsythiae Fructus, which might further influence its pharmacological activities. Jia et al [6]
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