Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition among children is the major health challenges and it may be related to low nutritional quality of traditional complementary foods and high cost of quality protein-based complementary foods. The aim of this study was formulation, preparation and evaluation of low-cost extruded products based on cereals and pulses. Composite flours were prepared using cereals and pulses, then formulated and extruded by a twin screw extruder in Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed: the protein contents of extruded formulas B, D and F were in the highest values. Carbohydrate in the extruded formula A was significantly higher than others. The lowest amount of ash and crude fiber were observed in the formula A. Content of energy in the extruded formulas E, F and C was higher; mean (SD) of Fe content in the extruded formula B, D and F was in the higher ranks among others. Calcium content in the extruded formulas C, E and F was in the highest amounts. Magnesium content in the extruded formulas B, D and F was higher than others. Cu content in the extruded formula C, D, B and F was higher than others. Manganese content in the extruded formulas B, C and F, and zinc content in the formulas B, D and F were higher than others. Tap density showed the lowest amount in the formula B, D and F, while their bulk density was higher. WHC was in the highest amount in the extruded formula A, while WSI in the extruded formula B, D and followed by F was in the highest amount. The mean scores of sensory evaluation of extruded products F showed that this combination has significantly better colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability than others.
Highlights
The World Health Organization defines nutrition as “a process whereby living organisms utilize food for maintenance of life, growth and normal function of organs and tissues and the production of energy” [1].Protein-energy malnutrition among children is the major health challenges in developing countries [2] [3]
Chemical composition different namely moisture content, macronutrients contents ash and crude fiber of different extruded formulas are presented in the Table 2
Chemical analysis of data showed: the protein contents of extruded formulas B, D and followed by F were in the highest values
Summary
Protein-energy malnutrition among children is the major health challenges in developing countries [2] [3]. This nutrition problem is ascribed to the inappropriate complementary feeding practices, low nutritional quality of traditional complementary foods and high cost of quality protein-based complementary foods [4]-[10]. It is well known that high cost of fortified nutritious proprietary complementary foods in many parts of developing countries is always beyond the reach of most families [13]; many families depend on inadequately processed and low-quality traditional complementary foods to wean their children
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