Abstract
The present study deals with the formulation optimization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-alginate mucoadhesive beads containing probiotic Lactobacillus sporogenes through ionotropic gelation using 32 factorial design. The effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-alginate concentration on the probiotic entrapment efficiency (PEE, %), viability in simulated gastric fluid (log CFU/g), and mucoadhesion over 8 hr (%) was optimized. The optimized beads containing probiotic Lactobacillus sporogenes showed entrapment efficiency of 93.7±1.97%, viability of probiotic in simulated gastric fluid (log CFU/g) of 9.34, mucoadhesion of 71.75±1.38%, and mean diameter of 1.21±0.11 mm. The beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The swelling and degradation of these beads were influenced by pH of the test medium. Finally, stability tests performed at room temperature (25~28°C) highlighted a bacterial viability of about 91% and 86% after 1 and 2 months, respectively. The advantageous properties of probiotic Lactobacillus sporogenes-loaded mucoadhesive beads make them suitable for incorporation in functional food and/or pharmaceutical products.
Highlights
Probiotics are microorganisms that are introduced orally in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and are able to positively contribute to the activity of the intestinal microflora and to the health of its host
The objectives of this research were first to optimize the conditions of microencapsulation of the probiotic strains L. sporogenes using the extrusion method to obtain beads and to evaluate the survival of the encapsulated cells after the technological processing, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and during storage at room temperature (24– 28∘C) over a period of 2 months
Swelling behavior evaluation of sodium alginate beads containing Lactobacillus sporogenes was studied by measuring the percentage swelling index of the formulated beads [20] (Figure 8)
Summary
Probiotics are microorganisms that are introduced orally in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and are able to positively contribute to the activity of the intestinal microflora and to the health of its host. Probiotics can provide beneficial effects on the human body by keeping the healthy gut microflora, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, relieving constipation, stimulating the immune system, synthesizing vitamins and antimicrobial agents, and improving the absorption of calcium, when there are enough probiotics in colon [2]. In order to provide health benefits for probiotic bacteria [3] it has been recommended that they must be present at a minimum level of CFU/g of food product [4] or CFU/g at point of delivery or be eaten in sufficient amounts to yield a daily intake of CFU [5]. It is believed that the efficiency of probiotic health benefits can be enhanced by coupling the application of probiotics with a selective prebiotic growth substance, favouring colonization of probiotics in the human gut [6]. A combined application of pro- and prebiotics, a concept referred to as synbiotics, [7, 8] emerged in the field of probiotic microencapsulation
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