Formulation of White Board Marker Ink Using Locally Sourced Raw Materials

Chukwuemeka Ukpaka,Godbless Nwosa,Kenneth K Dagde

doi:10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1108

Abstract

This research work was conducted to demonstrate the mechanism of white board marker ink production using locally sourced raw materials such as charcoal and used lube oil. In the production of the ink, the charcoal served as a pigment, used lube oil served as the primary binder or resin, ethanol served as solvent and gum Arabic served as an additive. The charcoal was obtained from processing of Mango, Oil bean (Ugba) and rubber trees, which were further crushed to their finest particles respectively and the used lube oil was obtained from mechanical engineering servicing unit of automobile engines. The crushed charcoal samples were characterized to determine the physio-chemical properties of some mineral elements such as Ca, Cu, P, K, C, S, N. however the mineral component that controlled the production of this ink was the Carbon content. The different ink samples were formulated in terms of odour, colour, hazardous reaction, pH, density and viscosity and compared with that of international standards. Results obtained showed a good match, indicating the reliability and the quality of the produced white board marker ink. The pH results for Ugba ink = 5.43, Rubber ink = 6.79, and Mango = 7.41. Empirical models were used to predict concentration with that of experimental values, a plot of concentration against time in terms of production yield revealed that the order of magnitude was rubber>Ugba>Mango whereas in terms of penetration and writing ability Ugba>rubber>mango. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the significance of the characteristics of the charcoal and the used lube oil in the quality of the end product. Finally, the research revealed that ink produced from the oil bean (ugba) charcoal and lube oil was best in terms of write-ability and quality in the production of white board marker ink.

Highlights

Schools in modern days have evolved from the use of black board chalks to the use of white boards on which marker inks are used, especially the private schools and some local and international parastatals
White board marker inks are made of dry- erasable ink, which is easy to clean when used on slick, non-porous writing materials, the use of marker these days are not restricted to schools alone, churches, companies and individuals that see the importance of this ink prefer it to chalk
Inks are used more frequently than dyes because they are more color-fast, For the purpose of this work, our concentration is to produce nonporous white board marker ink with charcoal obtained from three main types of wood namely mango, rubber and ugba trees

Summary

Introduction

Schools in modern days have evolved from the use of black board chalks to the use of white boards on which marker inks are used, especially the private schools and some local and international parastatals. Today marker inks are commercialized because of the advent of the white board; most of these markers are very expensive. This work will invariably produce ink that will compete favorably with the quality of marker in the market. White board marker inks are made of dry- erasable ink, which is easy to clean when used on slick, non-porous writing materials, the use of marker these days are not restricted to schools alone, churches, companies and individuals that see the importance of this ink prefer it to chalk. Inks are used more frequently than dyes because they are more color-fast, For the purpose of this work, our concentration is to produce nonporous white board marker ink with charcoal obtained from three main types of wood namely mango, rubber and ugba (oil bean) trees

Methods

Results

Conclusion