Formulation of polyurea with improved flame retardant properties

Abstract

This article addresses the flame retardancy of polyurea using three different sulfonate salts, sodium diphenylamine-4-sulfonate, 3-(1-pyridinio)-1-propane sulfonate, and ammonium sulfamate, and their combination with some conventional flame retardants. Cone calorimetry and thermogravimetry are used for the evaluation of the flame retardancy and thermal stability. Among the sulfonate salts, ammonium sulfamate shows the best flame retardancy both alone and in combination. The conventional additives that have been used include ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, aluminum diethylphosphinate, melamine polyphosphate, and a chloroalkylphosphonate, as binary and ternary mixtures at 15 wt.% total loading. The nonsulfur-containing binary system exhibits higher ignition time and better flame and smoke resistance than do the ternary mixtures.