Abstract
Abstract The search for the optimum in structural design problems is usually restricted to a design variable space. The behavior variables (forces or displacements) are then determined for each point in the design space by analyzing the structure. The object of this study is to show that in certain cases it is more efficient to search for the optimum in a space of behavior variables. Both stiffness formulation, suitable for structures with a small number of displacement degrees of freedom, and flexibility formulation, suitable for structures with a small number of force redundants, are presented. In both displacement and force formulations, the search for the optimum behavior variables is alternated with finding the design variables from either a separate stage optimization procedure such as linear programming or directly from the analysis equations. Numerical examples of trusses and frame structures demonstrate application of the proposed procedure.
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