Abstract
Objective: Green tea is known as a source of antioxidants. The most abundant of these is epigallocatechin gallate, which has been shown to modulatebiochemical pathways in the skin. Niosomes are an alternative to liposomal drug-vehicle systems, which have disadvantages such as cost and stability.To overcome the problem of low permeation of active substances through skin layers and to increase their stability, a topical antioxidant preparationbased on niosomes was prepared.Materials and Methods: To enhance drug stability, niosomal formulations were prepared in four different molar ratios of surfactant-to-cholesterol,that is, 3:1 (F1), 2:1 (F2), 1:1 (F3), and 0.5:1 (F4). These were prepared using the thin-layer method. The niosomal suspensions were evaluated forparticle size and distribution, lamellarity, encapsulation efficiency, and zeta potential, and were then incorporated into gels using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as the gelling agent. The niosomal gels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, stability, and antioxidant activityusing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.Results: Results for the suspensions showed that F1 had the best encapsulation efficiency but experienced separation after 7 days.Conclusions: Results for the niosomal gels (using F3) showed stable formulation without changes.
Highlights
Vesicles are colloidal particles with a concentric bilayer formed by amphiphilic molecules surrounding an aqueous compartment
The niosomal suspensions were evaluated for particle size and distribution, lamellarity, encapsulation efficiency, and zeta potential, and were incorporated into gels using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the gelling agent
To overcome the problem of low permeation of active substances through skin layers and to increase their stability, a topical antioxidant preparation based on niosomes was prepared
Summary
Vesicles are colloidal particles with a concentric bilayer formed by amphiphilic molecules surrounding an aqueous compartment. These are useful carriers for delivering hydrophobic active substances that are bound to lipid bilayers and hydrophilic active substances that are encapsulated in the aqueous interior [1]. Niosomes are vesicle systems with non-ionic surfactants that can be made in the laboratory. Non-ionic surfactants have been shown to facilitate the transport of active substances through the skin [2]. Niosomes increase the time active substances can remain in the stratum corneum and epidermis [3], solving the problem of penetration of the active substance. Niosomes may be used for the delivery of labile and sensitive active substances [4]
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