Formulation of electrospun Mg‐FA/poly (ε‐caprolactone) nanocomposite to adjust bioactivity, biodegradability, and cellular interactions

Abstract

Adjusting the biological properties of scaffolds is one of the most challenging issues in tissue engineering. Here, we focus on formulating a nanocomposite with tunability for bioactivity, biodegradability, and cellular interactions by using different nanoparticles composition and concentration. Here, after optimizing Mg+2 ions concentration in fluorapatite nanoparticles (Mg‐FA NPs), we probed the influence of Mg‐FA NPs on the biological properties of the electrospun Mg‐FA/poly (ε‐caprolactone). Increasing Mg‐FA nanoparticles up to 15 wt% in the composite could enhance the bioactivity from 0.02 wt% in the pure PCL scaffold up to 3 wt% (150 times more) by gaining weight after 28‐day incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C. In the same order, the biodegradation of scaffolds accelerated from 3.1 wt% to 34.6 wt% (11 times more). The cell attachment assays, using MG‐63, showed that the presence of Mg‐FA NPs plays a crucial role to attach cells on the surface by improving wettability as well as biocompatibility. Also, the Mg‐FA NPs encouraged MG‐63 cells to proliferate on/inside the scaffolds and generate 3D cell networks.